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11. Scutellaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 598. 1753.
黄芩属 huang qin shu
Herbs or subshrubs, rarely shrubs, not aromatic. Leaves entire to pinnatifid. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or spikes; floral leaves usually bractlike apically. Flowers axillary, opposite or sometimes alternate apically. Calyx short tubular, dorsiventrally flattened, 2-lipped; lips entire, closed and ultimately divided to base along sutures in fruit; upper lip deciduous, with a transverse, rounded, concave, scalelike scutellum (shield) or without and abaxially conspicuously saccate; lower lip persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube exserted, arcuate or suberect, gradually widening to throat, base bent and saccate or spurred, usually puberulent annulate outside; upper lip erect, galeate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe broad, flattened, entire, lateral lobes ± joined to upper lip and sometimes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, anterior 2 longest, underlying upper lip; anthers close together in pairs, bearded on cell aperture; posterior pair conspicuously 2-celled, ± apically acute, anterior pair 1-celled by abortion. Style subulate, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets oblate, globose, to ovoid.
About 350 species: worldwide, but only a few in tropical Africa; 98 species in China.
A very isolated genus with unsatisfactory traditional divisions. Paton (Kew Bull. 45: 399-450. 1990) has proposed a revised classification of Scutellaria but did not deal with a large
number of the Chinese taxa, and it is not possible to utilize his divisions in detail.
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Key 1
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| 1 |
Corolla less than 1 cm. |
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(2) |
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Corolla more than 1 cm. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves herbaceous, triangular, 0.7-1.7 × 0.8-1.8 cm, sparsely strigose, densely strigose along midvein abaxially |
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44 Scutellaria tienchueanensis |
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Leaves membranous, narrowly triangular-ovate to oblong, 1.3-3 × 0.8-3.2 cm, sparsely white pilose |
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45 Scutellaria tenera |
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| 3 (1) |
Corolla tube straight, not zigzag. |
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(4) |
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Corolla tube zigzag. |
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(6) |
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| 4 (3) |
Stem leaves membranous to papery, margin conspicuously dentate; corolla 1.4-2 cm |
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Key 3 (see List of Keys below) |
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Stem leaves ± leathery, rarely papery, shallowly undulate-serrate to subentire on apical 2/3; corolla (1.5-)2-3 cm. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaves less than 2 cm, adaxially corrugate; plants prostrate herbs on rocks |
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8 Scutellaria playfairii |
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Leaves to more than 2 cm, not corrugate; plants tall herbs or subshrubs |
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Key 2 (see List of Keys below) |
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| 6 (3) |
Plants with dense, spreading or upwardly curved gray to yellowish hirsute hairs |
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40 Scutellaria mairei |
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Plant with different types of hairs. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Stem leaves 1.5-3 × 1.1-2.4 cm, triangular to triangular-ovate, shallowly dentate to incised-dentate |
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41 Scutellaria tenax |
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Stem leaves to more than 3 × 2.4 cm, ovate to ovate-cordate, regularly crenulate. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stems and leaves white pubescent; corolla rose, to 2.3 cm |
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43 Scutellaria tapintzeensis |
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Stems and leaves white pilose; corolla blue-purple, 1.2-1.5 cm |
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42 Scutellaria teniana |
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List of Keys
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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