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11. Scutellaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 598. 1753.
黄芩属 huang qin shu
Herbs or subshrubs, rarely shrubs, not aromatic. Leaves entire to pinnatifid. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or spikes; floral leaves usually bractlike apically. Flowers axillary, opposite or sometimes alternate apically. Calyx short tubular, dorsiventrally flattened, 2-lipped; lips entire, closed and ultimately divided to base along sutures in fruit; upper lip deciduous, with a transverse, rounded, concave, scalelike scutellum (shield) or without and abaxially conspicuously saccate; lower lip persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube exserted, arcuate or suberect, gradually widening to throat, base bent and saccate or spurred, usually puberulent annulate outside; upper lip erect, galeate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe broad, flattened, entire, lateral lobes ± joined to upper lip and sometimes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, anterior 2 longest, underlying upper lip; anthers close together in pairs, bearded on cell aperture; posterior pair conspicuously 2-celled, ± apically acute, anterior pair 1-celled by abortion. Style subulate, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets oblate, globose, to ovoid.
About 350 species: worldwide, but only a few in tropical Africa; 98 species in China.
A very isolated genus with unsatisfactory traditional divisions. Paton (Kew Bull. 45: 399-450. 1990) has proposed a revised classification of Scutellaria but did not deal with a large
number of the Chinese taxa, and it is not possible to utilize his divisions in detail.
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Key 4
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| 1 |
Stem leaves conspicuously, remotely dentate-serrate. |
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(2) |
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Stem leaves crenate to subentire or entire. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves membranous, oblong, 3-5.5 × 1.3-2 cm, base shallowly truncate-cordate, sparsely white hirsute adaxially and along veins abaxially to subglabrous or glabrous |
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46 Scutellaria sciaphila |
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Leaves papery, oblong-ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 2-4 × 0.8-1.4 cm, base roundish to truncate, puberulent |
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47 Scutellaria macrodonta |
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| 3 (1) |
Stem leaves ± crenate to crenate-serrate. |
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(4) |
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Stem leaves entire or subentire. |
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(7) |
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| 4 (3) |
Corolla yellow-white, yellow, to green-yellow, with tinged purplish spots or lines |
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48 Scutellaria likiangensis |
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Corolla purple or purple-blue. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Corolla less than 2 cm |
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49 Scutellaria chungtienensis |
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Corolla more than 2 cm. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Stems and leaves very densely white pilose; leaves broadly ovate to oblong, conspicuously crenate-serrate; corolla 2-3.7 cm |
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50 Scutellaria forrestii |
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Stems and leaves subglabrous with recurved or nearly patent puberulent or pilose hairs; leaves oblong, folded, inconspicuously crenate to entire above base; corolla 2.4-3 cm |
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51 Scutellaria amoena |
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| 7 (3) |
Stem leaves of two kinds, lower stem leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, upper stem leaves widely spaced, linear |
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57 Scutellaria orthocalyx |
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Stem leaves homomorphic, upper leaves gradually reduced. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stems with dense or sparse, recurved or sometimes nearly patent glandular pubescence; leaf surfaces with many yellow glands |
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53 Scutellaria viscidula |
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Stems without glandular pubescence, subglabrous or with variable pubescence; leaves without glands or glandular only abaxially. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Abaxial leaf surface with impressed glands. |
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(10) |
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Abaxial leaf surface without impressed glands. |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Plants (15-)30-120 cm tall; stems subglabrous or with upwardly curved or spreading pubescence; stem leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4.5 × (0.2-)0.5-1.2 cm; racemes terminal on stems and branches so that all racemes form a terminal panicle |
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52 Scutellaria baicalensis |
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Plants 10-30 cm tall; stems sparsely spreading, white pilose along angles and bearded on nodes otherwise subglabrous; stem leaves ovate or apical ones sometimes oblong, 2-3.4 × 0.7-1.4 cm; racemes terminal on stems, not forming a panicle on apical part of plant |
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55 Scutellaria hypericifolia |
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| 11 (9) |
Stems glabrous; leaves 4-5 cm; corolla yellowish white |
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56 Scutellaria spectabilis |
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Stems hairy, at least on angles, hairs spreading or recurved; leaves 1.4-4 cm; corolla rose, purple, to purple-blue |
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54 Scutellaria rehderiana |
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List of Keys
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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