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11. Scutellaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 598. 1753.
黄芩属 huang qin shu
Herbs or subshrubs, rarely shrubs, not aromatic. Leaves entire to pinnatifid. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or spikes; floral leaves usually bractlike apically. Flowers axillary, opposite or sometimes alternate apically. Calyx short tubular, dorsiventrally flattened, 2-lipped; lips entire, closed and ultimately divided to base along sutures in fruit; upper lip deciduous, with a transverse, rounded, concave, scalelike scutellum (shield) or without and abaxially conspicuously saccate; lower lip persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube exserted, arcuate or suberect, gradually widening to throat, base bent and saccate or spurred, usually puberulent annulate outside; upper lip erect, galeate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe broad, flattened, entire, lateral lobes ± joined to upper lip and sometimes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, anterior 2 longest, underlying upper lip; anthers close together in pairs, bearded on cell aperture; posterior pair conspicuously 2-celled, ± apically acute, anterior pair 1-celled by abortion. Style subulate, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets oblate, globose, to ovoid.
About 350 species: worldwide, but only a few in tropical Africa; 98 species in China.
A very isolated genus with unsatisfactory traditional divisions. Paton (Kew Bull. 45: 399-450. 1990) has proposed a revised classification of Scutellaria but did not deal with a large
number of the Chinese taxa, and it is not possible to utilize his divisions in detail.
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Key 2
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| 1 |
Rachis and pedicels of inflorescence subglabrous or finely pubescent. |
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(2) |
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Rachis and pedicels of inflorescence glandular. |
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(6) |
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| 2 (1) |
Blade ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; corolla dark purple or blue. |
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(3) |
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Blade ovate to subcircular, apex acute to obtuse; corolla cream-white or white tinged with purple. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Herbs to 1 m tall; leaves (4-)6-8-undulate-dentate; corolla dark purple, to 3.1 cm |
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2 Scutellaria javanica |
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Herbs ca. 30 cm or more tall; leaves 3- or 4-undulate-serrate; corolla blue, ca. 2.5 cm |
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4 Scutellaria formosana |
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| 4 (2) |
Inflorescences many flowered, to 13 cm; bracts narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 0.5-1 mm wide |
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7 var. lotungensis |
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Inflorescences few flowered, ca. 6 cm at anthesis; bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, more than 2.5 mm wide. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Blade broadly ovate to subcircular, 2.5-5 × 1.8-4.3 cm, adaxially sparsely puberulent, abaxially densely puberulent, 4-6-undulate-crenate, lateral veins 3-paired; inflorescences many flowered; flowers crowded ca. 2 cm; calyx ca. 2.8 mm |
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3 Scutellaria hainanensis |
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Blade ovate, 2-3.8 × 1-2.2 cm, subglabrous, 3- or 4-crenate, lateral veins 2-paired; inflorescences few flowered; flowers widely spaced, ca. 1.6 cm; calyx to 5 mm |
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6 Scutellaria oligophlebia |
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| 6 (1) |
Petiole of stem leaf 0-4 mm |
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5 Scutellaria tsinyunensis |
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Petiole of stem leaf more than 7 mm. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves elliptic-ovate to obovate or subcircular, apically rounded to acute, basally cuneate to rounded, conspicuously 3-veined |
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9 Scutellaria obtusifolia |
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Leaves elliptic to obovate-elliptic, apically acute to acuminate, basally cuneate, rarely roundish, not 3-veined. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stems and petioles reddish |
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10 Scutellaria yunnanensis |
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Stems and petioles not reddish. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf venation conspicuously elevated |
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13 Scutellaria reticulata |
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Leaf venation inconspicuously elevated. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Stem leaf blade abaxially densely puberulent; bracts linear, shorter than pedicels; corolla 2.6-2.9 cm, lateral lobes of lower lip ovate; gynophore ca. 0.5 mm |
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11 Scutellaria mollifolia |
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Stem leaf blade abaxially glabrous; bracts elliptic, longer than pedicels; corolla ca. 2.2 cm, lateral lobes of lower lip triangular; gynophore inconspicuous |
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12 Scutellaria sichourensis |
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List of Keys
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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