| 1 |
Plants succulent |
|
(2) |
| + |
Plants woody or herbaceous |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Stems unarmed |
|
21 Euphorbia tirucalli |
| + |
Stems spiny |
|
(3) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Spines arising from separate tubercles; cyathophylls prominent, red or yellow |
|
16 Euphorbia milii |
| + |
Spines paired on each spine-shield; cyathophylls not prominent, usually scarious |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
A densely-branched shrub, not forming a trunk |
|
18 Euphorbia caducifolia |
| + |
Trees, forming trunks |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Stems Wrote |
|
17 Euphorbia nivulia |
| + |
Stems angled |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Angles not produced into wings |
|
19 Euphorbia neriifolia |
| + |
Angles produced into undulate wings |
|
20 Euphorbia royleana |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (1) |
Stipules present, sometimes much-reduced |
|
(8) |
| + |
Stipules absent |
|
(22) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Leaves all opposite, asymmetrical at the base; stipules scarious, persistent; glands usually appendiculate |
|
(9) |
| + |
Leaves mostly opposite or else alternate, whorled and opposite, symmetrical at the base; stipules subulate, persistent or fugacious, or sessile and glandular; glands usually exappendiculate |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Cyathia aggregated together into clusters |
|
(10) |
| + |
Cyathia axillary, solitary, often borne on pecialized lateral shoots |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Leaves rhombic; hairs multicellular, yellow; cyathia in dense, axillary, pedunculate clusters |
|
1 Euphorbia hirta |
| + |
Leaves oblong; hairs mostly unicellular, white; cyathia in loose clusters terminating lateral shoots |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Plants puberulous or pubescent |
|
2 Euphorbia indica |
| + |
Plants glabrous |
|
3 Euphorbia hypericifolia |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (9) |
Plant completely glabrous, rooting at the nodes; stipules fused to form a triangular scale above and beneath |
|
4 Euphorbia serpens |
| + |
Plant glabrous, puberulous, pubescent or hispid, not rooting at the nodes; stipules all free, or only the pairs beneath fused into a scale |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Leaves entire or almost so |
|
5 Euphorbia granulata |
| + |
Leaves minutely denticulate, serrulate, or serrate |
|
(14) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Glands with prominent white appendages |
|
7 Euphorbia hispida |
| + |
Gland-appendages minute or absent |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Plant completely glabrous; leaf-blades narrowly falcate-oblong |
|
6 Euphorbia clarkeana |
| + |
Plant puberulous or pubescent above, glabrous beneath; leaf-blades obovate-suborbicular or ovate-oblong |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Fruits glabrous except on the keels; seeds sharply transversely-ridged |
|
8 Euphorbia prostrata |
| + |
Fruits adpressed-pubescent; seeds shallowly transversely-ridged |
|
9 Euphorbia thymifolia |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (8) |
Uppermost leaves of the pseudumbel with conspicuous white margins; stipules fugacious |
|
10 Euphorbia marginata |
| + |
Uppermost leaves of the pseudumbel red, green or yellow; stipules persistent |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (17) |
Cyathia usually with 4-5 pectinate glands; stipules subulate, eglandular |
|
(19) |
| + |
Cyathia with only 1 cupular, circular or saccate gland, or rarely glands 2-3; stipules sessile, glandular |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Leaves linear to ovate; stipules 1 mm long |
|
11 Euphorbia cheirolepis |
| + |
Leaves all ovate or elliptic-ovate; stipules 0.25 mm long |
|
12 Euphorbia petiolata |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (18) |
Leaves elliptic-obovate, elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate |
|
13 Euphorbia heterophylla |
| + |
At least the lower leaves panduriform |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (20) |
Upper leaves green with a basal red blotch |
|
14 Euphorbia cyathophora |
| + |
Upper leaves uniformly bright scarlet |
|
15 Euphorbia pulcherrima |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (7) |
Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely any alternate; annuals |
|
(23) |
| + |
Leaves alternate, whorled and opposite, or, if any stem-leaves opposite, then decussate; annuals, biennials or perennials |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Caruncle stipitate, the stalk 0.3-0.5 mm long |
|
(24) |
| + |
Caruncle sessile or subsessile |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Leaves linear, less than 2 mm wide; glands ecornute |
|
22 Euphorbia inderiensis |
| + |
Leaves linear-lanceolate, more than 2 mm wide; glands cornute |
|
23 Euphorbia sororia |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (23) |
Leaves ovate to linear-lanceolate; glands ecornute |
|
24 Euphorbia aserbajdzhanica |
| + |
Leaves spathulate to suborbicular; glands cornute |
|
25 Euphorbia densa |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (22) |
Pseudumbels usually borne on short lateral beanches |
|
26 Euphorbia osyridea |
| + |
Pseudumbels usually terminal |
|
(27) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Leaves commonly coarsely and irregularly sharply denticulate |
|
(28) |
| + |
Leaves entire, subentire or minutely and regularly serrulate or denticulate |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Annual herb |
|
29 Euphorbia grossheimii |
| + |
Perennial herbs |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (28) |
Stem-leaves not more than 3 cm long; glands madder, maroon or black |
|
30 Euphorbia tibetica |
| + |
Stem-leaves up to 7 cm long; glands ochreous |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Stem-leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate; fruits 6 x 5 mm |
|
27 Euphorbia caeladenia |
| + |
Stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate to orbicular-ovate; fruits 4.5 x 4.5 mm |
|
28 Euphorbia multifurcata |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (27) |
Glands rounded on the outer edge |
|
(32) |
| + |
Glands truncate, crescentic or 2-(rarely more-) horned |
|
(38) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Fruit warty |
|
(33) |
| + |
Fruit smooth |
|
(35) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Plant 10-20 cm tall; pseudumbel 3-5-rayed |
|
33 Euphorbia micractina |
| + |
Plant 40-100 cm tall; pseudumbel 5-15-rayed |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (33) |
Leaves subentire or serrulate; fruits densely covered with conical warts |
|
31 Euphorbia cornigera |
| + |
Leaves entire; fruits sparingly warty |
|
32 Euphorbia cognata |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (32) |
Annual herb |
|
37 Euphorbia helioscopia |
| + |
Perennial herbs |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Fruit 3-4 mm diam |
|
36 Euphorbia jacquemontii |
| + |
Fruit 5.5-8 mm diam |
|
(37) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Stem-leaves elliptic-ovate or elliptic, 1-5 cm long |
|
34 Euphorbia thomsoniana |
| + |
Stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-11 cm long |
|
35 Euphorbia wallichii |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (31) |
Annual herbs |
|
(39) |
| + |
Biennial or perennial herbs |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (38) |
All leaves linear to linear-lanceolate |
|
38 Euphorbia dracunculoides |
| + |
Leaves variable, the upper differing from the stem-leaves |
|
(40) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Stem-leaves petiolate; fruits 2-ridged on the keels |
|
41 Euphorbia peplus |
| + |
Stem-leaves sessile; fruits with rounded keels |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Ray-leaves cuspidate-aristate |
|
39 Euphorbia falcata |
| + |
Ray-leaves obtuse or rounded |
|
40 Euphorbia maddenii |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (38) |
Stem-leaves opposite, decussate; fruit spongy |
|
52 Euphorbia lathyris |
| + |
Stem-leaves alternate; fruit hardened |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (42) |
Glands truncate, hornless |
|
51 Euphorbia seguieriana |
| + |
Glands truncate or crescentic, usually 2-horned |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Plants decumbent- or procumbent ascending |
|
(45) |
| + |
Plants erect, rarely ascending |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Seeds ovoid-hexagonal; NWFP & Kashmir |
|
42 Euphorbia kanaorica |
| + |
Seeds compressed-ovoid; Baluchistan |
|
43 Euphorbia aucheri |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (44) |
All leaves linear-lanceolate; seeds tuberculate-rugulose |
|
38 Euphorbia dracunculoides |
| + |
Upper leaves differing from the stem-leaves |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (46) |
Pseudumbel-rays often proliferating as densely-leafy shoots |
|
45 Euphorbia prolifera |
| + |
Pseudumbel-rays not proliferating |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (47) |
Stem-leaves usually obovate or oblanceolate |
|
(49) |
| + |
Stem-leaves usually linear or lanceolate |
|
(50) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Pseudumbel-rays rarely more than once or twice bifid; Baluchistan |
|
44 Euphorbia microsciadia |
| + |
Pseudumbel-rays commonly 4-5 times bifid; NWFP, N. Punjab & Kashmir |
|
40 Euphorbia maddenii |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (48) |
Plant not exceeding 25 cm in height; ray leaves usually trullate |
|
46 Euphorbia talaina |
| + |
Plant 30-140 cm tall |
|
(51) |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (50) |
Stem-leaves lanceolate; ray-leaves ovate-deltoid; glands truncate, 2-horned |
|
47 Euphorbia thyrsoidea |
| + |
Stem-leaves usually linear; ray-leaves transversely elliptic to suborbicular; glands crescentic |
|
(48. - 50. E. virgata agg.) 52 |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 |
Stem-leaves more than 1 cm wide |
|
48 Euphorbia boissieriana |
| + |
Stem-leaves not more than 8 mm wide |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (52) |
Stem-leaves up to 8 mm wide |
|
49 Euphorbia cyrtophylla |
| + |
Stem-leaves not more than 4 mm wide |
|
50 Euphorbia pamirica |
