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Pakistan | Family List | Alliaceae

Allium Linn., Sp. Pl. 294. 1753. Gen. Pl.ed.5: 143. 1754; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 6:337-345.1892; Boiss., FI.Or.5:229-285.1882; Vvedensky in Kom., Fl. URSS.4:112-280.1935; Stearn in Herbertia 11:11-34.1946; Fl. Tadjik SSR. ed. Ovchinnikov 2:292-361.1963; Wendelbo in Biol.Skr.Dan.Vid. Selsk.10,3:167-184.1958; in Rech.f.,F1.Iran.Alliaceae 76:3.1971.

Allium roylei
Illustration

Credit: M.Y. Saleem

Bulbs solitary or clustered. Leaves sheathing, sometimes well above the ground level, fistular or not fistular. Tepals 1-nerved, white to greenish-white, yellow, violet, pink to reddish-purple or blue coloured. Stamens included or exserted; filaments entire, toothed or cuspidate; anthers elliptic to oblong, dorsifixed. Seeds 6 or more; testa black.

A large genus with about 600 species; represented in Pakistan by about 41 species.


1 Bulbs with a narrow, more or less cylindrical distinct rhizome   (23)
+ Bulbs broadly ovoid to subglobose, without a distinct rhizome   (2)
       
2 (1) Outer bulb coats distinctly reticulately fibrous   (3)
+ Outer bulb coats scaly, papery or coriaceous, with to pinkish or grey to brownish   (6)
       
3 (2) Scape 4-10 cm long. leaves circinate or flexuous   Allium stocksianum
+ Scape more than 10 cm long. Leaves neither circinate nor flexuous   (4)
       
4 (3) Leaves not fistular, pilose   Allium longicollum
+ Leaves fistular, glabrous to scabrid   (5)
       
5 (4) Leaves 3-8, filiform to linear, 1-2 mm broad, up to as long as the plants. Tepals white to rose coloured, veins rose-purple   Allium borszczowii
+ Leaves 2-3, filiform, semicylindric, shorter than the plants. Tepals white with greenish veins   Allium filidens
       
6 (2) Bulb coats scaly or papery   (7)
+ Bulb outer coats coriaceous, striate or with parallel to reticulate veins   (15)
       
7 (6) Stamens longer than tepals   (8)
+ Stamens as long as or shorter than tepals   (9)
       
8 (7) Bulb c. 1 cm broad. Leaves 2, 1.5-3 mm broad Inner filaments (3-) 5-cuspidate   Allium micranthum
+ Bulb 3-4 cm broad. Leaves 6-12, 1-2 cm broad. Inner filaments 3-cuspidate   Allium porrum
       
9 (7) Flowers white. Leaves flate, keeled, not fistular. plants cultivated   (10)
+ Flowers rose coloured to purple or violet. Leaves fistular or not fistular   (11)
       
10 (9) Bulbs with 6-10 large scaly bulbils. Inner filaments toothed   Allium sativum
+ Bulbs round without scaly bulbils. Filaments entire   Allium neapolitanum
       
11 (9) Leaves up to 1 cm broad. Scape less than 50 cm long   (12)
+ Leaves 1-5 cm broad. Scape c. 1 m long   (14)
       
12 (11) Leaves filiform, less than 2 mm broad   Allium caesioides
+ Leaves linear, 2-9 mm broad   (13)
       
13 (12) Tepals 8-11 mm long, ovate. Filaments triangular, about half the length of the tepals   Allium oreophilum
+ Tepals 4-6 mm long, lanceolate. Filaments about 3/4 the length of the tepals   Allium chitralicum
       
14 (11) Leaves glabrous   Allium rosenbachianum
+ Leaves, especially below in the lower part, pilose   Allium stipitatum
       
15 (6) Leaves up to 5 mm broad. stamen filaments included   (16)
+ Leaves 1-3 cm broad. Stamen filaments exserted   (22)
       
16 (15) Pedicels 3-4 cm long. Umbels few flowered. Inner filaments more or less distinctly 2-toothed; teeth short, rounded   Allium gillii
+ Pedicels 0.5-3 mm long. Umbels many flowered. filaments entire   (17)
       
17 (16) Filaments less than half the length of tepals   (18)
+ Filaments about 3/4 the length of tepals   (19)
       
18 (17) About 2/3 of the filaments united, upper parts free. Inner tepals gibbous at the base. Umbel without bulbils   Allium griffithianum
+ About 1/4 of the filaments united at the base, upper 3/4 of the filaments free. Inner tepals not gibbous at the base. Umbel usually with bulbils   Allium umbilicatum
       
19 (17) Tepals about 1 cm long, obtuse. Leaf sheaths 3- winged   Allium tripterum
+ Tepals 3-6 mm long, acute or obtuse. Leaf sheaths not winged   (20)
       
20 (19) Tepals 5-6 mm long, white, veins reddish, acute. Inner filaments broadly ovate   Allium lamondiae
+ Tepals 3-5 mm long, white or rose, acute or obtuse. Inner filaments triangular    
       
21 Tepals pink coloured, acute. Leaf sheaths glabrous   24 Allium jacquemontii
+ Tepals white to pinkish, obtuse. Leaf sheaths pubescent   Allium miserabile
       
22 (15) Scape c. 1 m long. Pedicels up to 3 cm long. Tepals 5-6 mm long   Allium macleanii
+ Scape 10-20 cm long, stout. Pedicels 3-9 cm long, Vary unequal. Tepals 7-8 mm long   Allium caspium
       
23 (1) bulbs with membranous, scaly or coriaceous, Striate coats   (24)
+ Bulbs with distinct fibrous, reticulate coats   (31)
       
24 (23) Filaments shorter than tepals   (25)
+ Filaments as long as or longer than tepals   (26)
       
25 (24) Tepals pink. All filaments entire, connate for 1/3 to 1/4 of their length   Allium schoenoprasum
+ Tepals yellow. Inner filaments slightly obtusely toothed, connate for more than half their lengths   Allium fedtschenkoanum
       
26 (24) Tepals white or greenish-white   (27)
+ Tepals cream coloured to golden-yellow or rose coloured to reddish   (28)
       
27 (26) Scape fistular, inflated in the middle. Tepals greenish-white. Cultivated   Allium cepa
+ Scape neither fistular nor inflated. Tepals white   Allium farctum
       
28 (26) Bulb coats membranous, reddish-brown. Inner filaments 2-toothed at the base   Allium roylei
+ Bulb coasts coriaceous, brown. All filaments entire   (29)
       
29 (28) Leaves filiform, up to 1 mm broad, apex acute   Allium filifolium
+ Leaves linear to lanceolate, 2-15 mm broad, apex obtuse   (30)
       
30 (29) Tepals yellow, sometimes pink. Leaves 3-5, linear, 2-3 mm broad   Allium consanguineum
+ Tepals rose coloured. Leaves 5-6, broadly linear, falcate, 5-15 mm broad   Allium carolinianum
       
31 (23) Filaments exserted   (40)
+ Filaments as long as or shorter than tepals   (32)
       
32 (31) Leaves 1-2 cm broad   Allium gilgiticum
+ Leaves less than 1 cm broad   (33)
       
33 (32) Filaments as long as tepals. Style exserted   Allium dolichostylum
+ Filaments shorter than tepals. Style included   (34)
       
34 (33) Tepals whit, 4-5 mm long, oblong Inner filaments broad, each with an unilateral tooth   Allium baluchistanicum
+ Tepals white to pink or purple to dark purple, oblong, elliptic to ovate or lanceolate, 5 or more mm long. Filaments narrow to broad, entire or toothed   (35)
       
35 (34) Tepals acute to acuminate or mucronate   (36)
+ Tepals acute to obtuse. Filaments up to 1/2 the length of tepals   (38)
       
36 (35) Tepals white, rarely pink, 6-10 mm long, elliptic. Filaments c. 2/4 the length of tepals. Inner filaments narrowly triangular   Allium tuberosum
+ Tepals pink 5-8 mm long, oblong to lanceolate. Filaments 1/2 to 2/3 the length of tepals. Inner filaments broadly triangular to oblong   (37)
       
37 (36) Tepals c. 8 mm long, acuminate. Inner filaments broadly triangular   Allium barszczewskii
+ Tepals 5-6 mm long, apex with a recurved mucro. Inner filaments broadly flattened to oblong   Allium oreoprasum
       
38 (35) Tepals white, 7-10 mm long, obtuse. Filaments linear to narrowly triangular   Allium humile
+ Tepals dark purple, 6-7 mm long, obtuse to acute. filaments triangular   (39)
       
39 (38) Filaments c. half the length of tepals; anthers mucronate leaves filiform, convolute, acute   Allium tenuicaule
+ Filaments less than half the length of tepals; anthers not mucronate. Leaves cylindrical, fistular, 1-3 mm broad, obtuse   Allium atrosanguineum
       
40 (31) Bulb reddish. Tepals pink to purple, c. 6 mm long, oblong to lanceolate. Leaves linear, c. 1 mm broad   Allium stoliczki
+ Bulb brownish. Tepals white to yellowish-white, c. 5 mm long, oblong. Leaves broadly lanceolate to oval   Allium victorialis

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