| 1 |
Stems jointed. |
|
(2) |
| + |
-Stems not jointed. |
|
(6) |
| |
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|
|
| 2 (1) |
Perianth segments winged in fruit; plants with prominent tufts of white hairs in leaf axils, base of flowers or glomerules. |
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(3) |
| + |
Perianth segments not winged in fruit; plants without tufts of white hairs in leaf axils, glabrous or slightly papillose. |
|
(4) |
| |
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|
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| 3 (2) |
Seeds vertical; annual-perennial herbs or subshrubs. |
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27 Anabasis |
| + |
Seeds horizontal; shrubs-small trees. (Some growing in sand). |
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28 Haloxylon |
| |
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| 4 (2) |
Stem papillose at least when young; scale-like leaves apically papillose-fringed; perianth segments united for c. ¾ of their length. |
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19 Halostachys |
| + |
Stem glabrous, without papillae, scale-like leaves not papillose-fringed; perianth segments united only in basal part. |
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(5) |
| |
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|
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| 5 (4) |
Stem with numerous opposite globular buds giving rise to ± spreading branches; internodes c. 3 mm; spikes prominently 4-sided. |
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20 Halocnemum |
| + |
Stem without lateral globular buds; internodes 5-7 mm; spikes not 4-sided, ± cone-like. |
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18 Arthrocnemum |
| |
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|
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| 6 (1) |
At least some part of the plant with branched hairs, either stellate-dendroid, candelabriform or irregularly medifixed |
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(7) |
| + |
Plants with only simple hairs, sometimes barbellate, or papillae or with a meal-like bloom or glabrous. |
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(13) |
| |
|
|
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| 7 (6) |
Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious); female flower without a perianth, subtended by two foliaceous bracts. |
|
(8) |
| + |
Flowers hermaphrodite with clearly developed perianth segments. |
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(10) |
| |
|
|
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| 8 (7) |
Annuals; bracts in fruits without silky hairs, grey-green. |
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(9) |
| + |
Shrub; bract in fruit densely covered with long silky hairs, tawny when dry. |
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6 Krascheninnikovia |
| |
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|
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| 9 (8) |
Pistillate flower with 3-partite perianth; valves without horn-like projections; branches alternate. |
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8 Axyris |
| + |
Pistillate flowers without perianth; valves with horn-like projections, branches alternate and opposite. |
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7 Ceratocarpus |
| |
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|
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| 10 (7) |
Fruiting perianth with five distinct wings; dwarf shrubs. |
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23 Salsola |
| + |
Fruiting perianth without wings; annuals. |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
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| 11 (10) |
Perianth segments 5, conspicuous, showy (white-rosy); branched hairs present. |
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16 Anthochlamys |
| + |
Perianth segments 1-5, inconspicuous. |
|
(12) |
| |
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|
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves spine-tipped, stiff; inflorescence distinctly spiny; perianth segment one, but 3-lobed. |
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15 Agriophyllum |
| + |
Leaves not or scarcely mucronate, herbaceous; inflorescence not spiny; perianth segments present or absent, but none 3-lobed. |
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14 Corispermum |
| |
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|
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| 13 (6) |
Leaf axil and the base of flowers or glomerules with ± dense tufts of white hairs; otherwise, plants glabrous or with scabrid papillae; embryo spiral. |
|
(14) |
| + |
Leaf axils, flower and glomerule bases either glabrous or with only a few hairs; otherwise plants either glabrous, with hairs, papillae or a meal-like bloom; embryo spiral, horse-shoe-shaped, annular or curved. |
|
(22) |
| |
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|
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| 14 (13) |
Leaves all opposite. |
|
(15) |
| + |
Leaves alternate or lowermost only opposite. |
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(16) |
| |
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| 15 (14) |
Plants glabrous, with or without a shiny stem; leaves apically obtuse without a bristle or mucro; seed horizontal. |
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25 Seidlitzia |
| + |
Plant with at least some scabrid papillae; leaves spiny or mucronate; seed horizontal or vertical. |
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26 Girgensohnia |
| |
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| 16 (14) |
Perianth segments in fruit fused and indurated with 1 (-2) prominent long sturdy spines; leaves often represented only by hard spines. |
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31 Cornulaca |
| + |
Perianth segments winged in fruit, without spines; leaves herbaceous. |
|
(17) |
| |
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| 17 (16) |
Fruiting perianth thickened and indurated below the wings. |
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24 Halothamnus |
| + |
Fruiting perianth not thickened and indurated. |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
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| 18 (17) |
Perianth deeply 5-lobed, lobes membranous in flower. |
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35 Noaea |
| + |
Perianth segments 5, free or nearly free. |
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(19) |
| |
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| 19 (18) |
Stem green with white or purple lines, often angular. |
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23 Salsola |
| + |
Stems whitish throughout, ± terete. |
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(20) |
| |
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|
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| 20 (19) |
Perennial; only 3 (-4) perianth segments winged in fruit; seeds vertical. |
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33 Agathophora |
| + |
Annuals or perennials; all 5 perianth segments winged in fruit. |
|
(21) |
| |
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|
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| 21 (20) |
Dwarf annuals; wings developing near apex of perianth segments. |
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32 Halogeton |
| + |
Taller annuals or perennials; wings present in lower half of perianth segments. |
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23 Salsola |
| |
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|
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| 22 (13) |
Stamens with prominent, yellow, cream, pink or purple vesicles or appendages near the apex of the connectives. |
|
(23) |
| + |
Stamens without or with short inconspicuous apical extensions on the thecae. |
|
(27) |
| |
|
|
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| 23 (22) |
Fruiting perianth segments winged, in flower segments with a transverse line. |
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23 Salsola |
| + |
Fruiting perianth segments without wings, in flower without a transverse line. |
|
(24) |
| |
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|
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| 24 (23) |
Perianth segments and/or subtending leaf-like bracts not coalescing in fruit. |
|
(25) |
| + |
Perianth segment and/or subtending leaf-like bracts coalescing in fruit. |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
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| 25 (24) |
Perennials; leaf apex without terminal bristle-like hairs. |
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23 Salsola (sect. Belanthera p.p) |
| + |
Annuals; leaf apex with 1 or a few terminal bristle-like hairs. |
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30 Halocharis |
| |
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| 26 (24) |
Perianth segments not or scarcely indurating in fruit, subtending bracts indurating both forming a nut-like fruiting disseminule, 2-horned or not. |
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34 Gamanthus |
| + |
Perianth segments basally indurating and coalescing in fruit forming a flask-like disseminule, not 2-horned. |
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29 Halimocnemis |
| |
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|
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| 27 (22) |
Perianth segments developing in fruit at least some distinct terminal or lateral spreading wings or spines or protuberances. |
|
(28) |
| + |
Perianth segments in fruit without wings or spines or protuberances. |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (27) |
Plants with distinct hairs, usually barbellate. |
|
(29) |
| + |
Plants without hairs, either glabrous or with papillae or vesicles or with villous hairs in leaf axils. |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
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| 29 (28) |
Fruiting perianth segments with straight or uncinate spiny outgrowths. |
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12 Bassia |
| + |
Fruiting perianth segments winged or with horny outgrowths. |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 |
Leaves semi-terete or terete; seeds horizontal, rarely vertical; embryo spiral. |
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23 Salsola |
| + |
Leaves flat; seeds vertical or horizontal; embryo annular or horse-shoe-shaped. |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 |
Seeds vertical; fruiting perianth segments with apical horns or wings. |
|
11 Panderia |
| + |
Seeds horizontal; fruiting perianth segments variously winged. |
|
13 Kochia |
| |
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|
|
| 32 (28) |
Annuals; all leaves opposite. |
|
26 Girgensohnia |
| + |
Annuals or perennials; all or at least upper leaves alternate. |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Perianth deeply 5-lobed; lobes membranous in flower and dorsally winged in fruit; seeds vertical. |
|
35 Noaea |
| + |
Perianth not as above; seeds horizontal. |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (33) |
Fruiting perianth lobes united, forming a regular, circular wing; a very fleshy sturdy annual. |
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22 Bienertia |
| + |
Fruiting perianth not forming an undivided circular wing; annuals or perennial; fleshy or not. |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 |
Fruiting perianth thickened and strongly indurated below the wings. |
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24 Halothamnus |
| + |
Fruiting perianth not or scarcely thickened and indurated. |
|
23 Salsola |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (27) |
Hairs clearly present on at least on some part of the plant. |
|
(37) |
| + |
Plants entirely glabrous, or with a mealy indumentum or with some scabrid papillae. |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Dwarf shrubs with very dense clusters of basal linear, rigid leaves; hairs barbellate; perianth segments 4; stamens 4. |
|
10 Camphorosma |
| + |
Annual or perennial herbs, leaves not basally clustered; hairs barbellate or not; perianth segments and stamens usually 5. |
|
(38) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Perianth showy with rosy-white petaloid lobes; fruits erect, strongly flattened. |
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16 Anthochlamys |
| + |
Perianth segments inconspicuous, scarious, membranous; fruits horizontal or erect. |
|
3 Chenopodium |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (36) |
Plants with a mealy indumentum or scabrid papillae. |
|
(40) |
| + |
Plants glabrous, rarely with few scattered hairs. |
|
(44) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Leaves opposite, sessile with a basal scarious margin; indumentum scabrid-papillose. |
|
26 Girgensohnia |
| + |
Leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, basally not scarious, indumentum a mealy bloom. |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Plants monoecious. |
|
(43) |
| + |
Plants with both hermaphrodite flowers and some female ones. |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Flowers solitary or sessile in upper leaf axils. |
|
35 Noaea |
| + |
Flowers in panicles or arranged cymosely forming clusters (glomerules). |
|
3 Chenopodium |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (41) |
Female flowers borne in axils of a foliaceous bract in a cup formed by two connate bracts. |
|
5 Atriplex |
| + |
Several female flowers borne at the base of a foliaceous bract. |
|
9 Microgynoecium |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (39) |
Leaves terete, sessile. |
|
(45) |
| + |
Leaves with a ± broad flat lamina, petiolate. |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Flowers grouped in 3s, immersed in fleshy spikes; perianth segments 3, inconspicuous. |
|
17 Halopeplis |
| + |
Flowers solitary or in leaf axils. |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Flowers with two small bracteoles. |
|
21 Suaeda |
| + |
Flowers with two leaf-like bracts. |
|
35 Noaea |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (44) |
Ends of sterile branches somewhat spiny; annuals, with coarsely toothed leaves. |
|
1 Acroglochin |
| + |
Sterile branches not spiny; annuals or perennials, leaves with entire-dentate margin or lobed. |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (47) |
Leaves dentate, often hastate; flowers in dense clusters, often berry-like; perianth segments not hardening in fruit. |
|
3 Chenopodium |
| + |
Leaves entire-sinuately lobed; perianth segments and bracteoles coalescing and hardening in fruit. |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves entire, sometimes with a wavy margin. |
|
2 Beta |
| + |
Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious); leaves mostly lobed. |
|
4 Spinacia |
